Private and Public Security

To start, I will express that open security and private security need each other to get by in their fields. Tragically, open security or state cops, don't as a rule have enough work force nor would they be able to be wherever all over town. There Just isn't sufficient labor. Open wellbeing gets paid by citizens to watch their neighborhoods, schools, huge banks, air terminals and so forth. They don't have the opportunity or individuals to Just stay nearby certain areas the entire day and night or private ventures. This is the place they profit by open security and their one of a kind responsibilities.Like everything, in some cases these connections resemble a marriage. Some work and some don't, I get it relies upon segment and instruction. I know in Miami, Fl where my significant other served two or three years as a private security official they got a ton of help when they expected to make a capture (contingent upon the area or gig) yet when it came to having the police watch territo ries that were hot in the middle of movements, they were basically no place to be seen. This left them with a great deal of outstanding task at hand and depending on their preparation and individual systems on the most proficient method to manage the days work.My spouse said the officials who used to watch the territories he was in would advise him to depend on his weapon in light of the fact that the cops were Jerks and now and then took too long to even think about showing up to a scene. My better half is an outgoing person. He wants to converse with individuals and make them chuckle and become your companion. I'd state he could be a superb Disney official! With this being stated, he made it his strategic become a close acquaintence with the provinces cops and work with them. In under 3 months, he was amicable with two cops and had individual contact exchanged.He brought them food at whatever point he got an opportunity and peered out when he left his days of work and ensured ever ything was acceptable on his drive back home, market, school and so forth. They turned into a small group and my better half felt upheld by the nearby open officials. I felt comfort realizing they were a group and my significant other had reinforcement out in reality. My significant other's security firm was exceptionally little and unrecognized however they had strong customers. A portion of these customers included deiced organizations, top of the line apartment suites, very good quality bars in downtown, and other great paying private areas.They had contacts with these sort of spots. My mother asked him once for what good reason such well off apartment suites recruited them as opposed to depending on nearby police. These were all things considered, higher duty paying people's correct? On the off chance that you know Miami, you realize that all homes that were worth a great many dollars in neighborhoods like Cutler Bay would prefer not to live in Caribbean Blvd close to the Turnpi ke. Each luxurious neighborhood whether private or business, had a low class poor neighborhood r horror neighborhood outskirt lining it. This is the place they come in.Some of these regions police division had this irritating propensity for not going to the wrongdoing scene promptly regardless of whether you did live in the Vicar neighborhood. This is the place private security is redressed and bolstered by the networks and open officials. My significant other watched an emergency clinic branch and apartment suite from pm to Sam 4 days every week. Cops were not generally accessible to come and make a report about a parking garage light that was out, a missing sign, a boisterous young person at the pool, a pooch whose champ continues letting them assuage themselves directly before some front doors.I am certain that my better half being there reacting to these dull easily overlooked details that may appear to be unimportant yet are really alleviating a weight off the officials. Then a gain, state and nearby police were keeping an eye in the city, following up on crises and minor episodes, petty criminal offenses, local calls and so on. They help their outstanding task at hand and works in support of themselves to have private officials dealing with different issues inside a similar network/city. A few people are frightened and believe that privatized security is squeeze approving vigilantism, I quite read that some place online.This can't be demonstrated anyplace in the US. So as to make sure about our neighborhoods, we should be happy to pay. I mean really pay out of our pockets. On the off chance that you are not ready to pay, don't gripe about the thick grandpa that is snoozing at Bam as opposed to making sure about your speculation. You get what you give and it very well may be an ideal amicability in the middle of open and private offices particularly on the off chance that they're willing to prepare together and cooperate as an assembled power called for va rious region codes.

The Black Catâ€Plot, Symbols, Themes, and Key Quotes

The Black Cat-Plot, Symbols, Themes, and Key Quotes The Black Cat, one of Edgar Allan Poesâ most vital stories, is a great case of the gothicâ literature kind that appeared in the Saturday Evening Post on August 19, 1843. Written as a first-individual story, Poe utilized different topics of craziness, odd notion, and liquor addiction to grant a tangible feeling of awfulness and premonition to this story, while simultaneously, deftly propelling his plot and building his characters. Its nothing unexpected that The Black Cat is frequently connected with The Tell-Tale Heart, since both of Poes stories share a few upsetting plot gadgets including murder and condemning messages from the grave-genuine or envisioned. Plot Summary The anonymous hero/storyteller starts his story by telling the perusers that he was previously a pleasant, normal man. He had a charming home, was hitched to a wonderful spouse, and had a standing adoration for creatures. Every one of that was to change, in any case, when he fell affected by evil spirit liquor. The principal side effect of his drop into habit and inevitable franticness shows with his raising abuse of the family pets. The main animal to get away from the keeps an eye on starting rage is an adored dark feline named Pluto, yet one night after a genuine episode of overwhelming drinking, Pluto infuriates him for some minor infraction, and in a tipsy anger, the man holds onto the feline, which quickly chomps him. The storyteller fights back by removing one of the Plutos eyes. While the felines twisted in the long run mends, the connection between the man and his pet has been devastated. In the long run, the storyteller, loaded up with self-hatred, comes to hate the feline as his very own image shortcoming, and in a snapshot of further craziness, drapes the poor animal by the neck from a tree close to the house where its left to perish. Shortly from that point, the house burns to the ground. While the storyteller, his significant other, and a hireling escape, the main thing left standing is a solitary darkened inside divider on which, regrettably, the man sees the picture of a feline hanging by a noose around its neck. Thinking to mitigate his blame, the hero starts looking out a subsequent dark feline to supplant Pluto. One night, in a bar, he in the long run discovers simply such a feline, which goes with him to the house he currently shares with his better half, yet under extraordinarily decreased conditions. Before sufficiently long, the frenzy abetted by gin-returns. The storyteller starts not exclusively to loathe the new feline which is in every case underneath however to fear it. What survives from his explanation shields him from hurting the creature, until the day the keeps an eye on spouse requests that he go with her on a task to the basement. The feline runs ahead, about stumbling his lord on the steps. The man gets chafed. He gets a hatchet, which means to kill the creature, yet when his significant other snatches the handle to stop him, he turns, executing her with a hit to the head. Instead of separate with regret, the man hurriedly conceals his wifes body by walling it up with blocks behind a bogus exterior in the basement. The feline that has been tormenting him appears to have vanished. Assuaged, he starts to think hes pulled off his wrongdoing and all will at last be wellâ€until the police in the end appear at search the house. They don't discover anything yet as theyre headed up the basement steps planning to leave, the storyteller stops them, and with bogus bluster, he flaunts how well the house is constructed, tapping on the divider that is concealing the body of his dead spouse. From inside comes a sound of obvious anguish. After hearing the cries, the specialists annihilate the bogus divider, just to discover the wifes carcass, and on it, the missing feline. I had walled the beast up inside the tomb! he moans not understanding that truth be told, he and not the feline, is the real antagonist of the story. Images Images are a key segment of Poes dull story, especially the accompanying ones. The dark cat: More than simply the title character, the dark feline is likewise a significant image. Like the terrible sign of legend, the storyteller trusts Pluto and his replacement have driven him down the way toward craziness and immorality. Alcohol: While the storyteller starts to see the dark feline as an outward indication of everything the storyteller sees as shrewd and unholy, censuring the creature for every one of his burdens, it is his dependence on drinking, more than all else, that is by all accounts the genuine explanation behind the storytellers mental decline.House and home: Home sweet home should be a position of wellbeing and security, in any case, in this story, it turns into a dull and lamentable spot of franticness and murder. The storyteller executes his preferred pet, attempts to slaughter its substitution, and proceeds to murder his own better half. Indeed, even the connections that ought to have been the focal point of his solid and glad home succumb to his falling apart mental state. Prison: When the story opens, the storyteller is truly in jail, in any case, his brain was at that point detained by the shackles of frenzy, neurosis, and liquor actuated hallucinations well before he was secured for his crimes.â The spouse: The wife could have been an establishing power in the storytellers life. He depicts her as having that humankind of feeling. As opposed to sparing him, or possibly getting away with her own life, she turns into a terrible case of honesty sold out. Steadfast, dedicated, and kind, she never leaves her better half regardless of how low he sinks into the profundities of debasement. Rather, it is he who is it could be said unfaithful to his marriage promises. His fancy woman, in any case, isn't another lady, but instead his fixation on drinking and the internal evil spirits his drinking releases as emblematically represented by the dark feline. He neglects the lady he cherishes and in the long run executes her since he cannot break the hold of his ruinous fixation. Significant Themes Love and despise are two key topics in the story. The storyteller from the outset cherishes his pets and his significant other, yet as franticness grabs hold of him, he comes to abhor or excuse everything that ought to be absolutely critical to him. Other significant topics include: Equity and truth: The storyteller attempts to shroud reality by walling up his wifes body yet the voice of the dark feline carries him to justice.Superstition: The dark feline is a sign of misfortune, a topic that runs all through literature. Murder and death: Death is the focal point of the whole story. The inquiry is what makes the storyteller become a killer.Illusion versus reality: Does the liquor discharge the storytellers inward evil spirits, or is it just a reason for his repulsive demonstrations of brutality? Is the dark feline simply a feline, or something embued with a more noteworthy capacity to achieve equity or precise revenge?Loyalty debased: A pet is frequently observed as a steadfast and devoted accomplice throughout everyday life except the heightening mind flights the storyteller encounters move him into deadly furies, first with Pluto and afterward with the feline the replaces him. The pets he once held in most elevated love become the thing he most despi ses. As the keeps an eye on rational soundness disentangles, his better half, whom he likewise indicates to adore, becomes somebody who simply possesses his home as opposed to shares his life. She stops to be a genuine individual, and when she does, she is superfluous. At the point when she kicks the bucket, as opposed to feel the frightfulness of executing somebody he thinks about, the keeps an eye on first reaction is to shroud the proof of his wrongdoing. Key Quotes Poes utilization of language upgrade the storys chilling effect. His unmistakable exposition isâ the reason this and other of his stories have persevered. Key statements from Poes work reverberation its subjects. On reality versus deception: For theâ most wild, yet most simple account which I am going to pen, I neither expect nor request belief.â On faithfulness: There is something in the unselfish and benevolent love of a savage, which goes legitimately to the core of him who has had visit event to test the irrelevant companionship and gossamer loyalty of insignificant Man.â On odd notion: In talking about his insight, my significant other, who on a basic level was not a little tinctured with strange notion, made incessant mention to the old well known idea, which viewed every dark feline as witches in disguise.â On liquor abuse: ...my ailment developed upon me-for what illness resembles Alcohol!- and atâ lengthâ even Pluto, who was presently getting old, and thus to some degree irritable even Pluto started to encounter the impacts of my evil temper.â On change and plummet into madness: I knew myself no more. My unique soul appeared, without a moment's delay, to take its departure from my body; and a more than savage noxiousness, gin-supported, excited each fiber of my frame.â On murder: This soul of backwards nature, I state, went to my last oust. It was this inconceivable yearning of the spirit to vex itself-to offer brutality to its own inclination to foul up for the wrongs purpose just that asked me to proceed lastly to perfect the injury I had caused upon the unoffending brute.â On detestable: Underneath the weight of torments, for example, these, the weak leftover of the great inside me capitulated. Fiendish contemplations turned into my sole lingerie the darkest and generally fiendishness of thoughts.â Inquiries for Study and Discussion When understudies have perused The Black Cat, educators can utilize the accompanying inquiries to start conversation or as the reason for a test or composed task: For what reason do you think Poe picked The Black Cat as the title for this story?What are the significant clashes? What kinds of contention (physical, good, educated, or passionate) do you find in this story?What does Poe do to uncover character in the story?What are a few topics in the story?How does Poe utilize symbolism?Is the storyteller predictable in his activities? It is safe to say that he is a completely evolved character?Do you discover the storyteller affable? Would you need to meet him?Do you discover the storyteller solid

Innominate contracts - Free Essay Example

What were the innominate contracts? Where did they come from and why were they important? The very term innominate (literally à ¢without name) is potentially confusing since these so-called contracts are named very specifically. The term refers to their place in the system of classification of contracts in Roman Law rather than their possessing the characteristic of being unnamed. A distinct characteristic of Roman Law is that it might be said to possess a law of contracts as opposed to a law of contract. The latter is far more familiar to the modern legal scholar. In most current jurisdictions there is a unified concept of that which constitutes a contract. For example, in the UK, the existence of a contract is determined by a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“checklistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of common factors: offer, acceptance, intention to create legal relations, certainty etc. This is not so in the Roman code which possessed instead a list of varieties of contract. This gave rise to a need for classification of contracts according to type. Thus, jurists such as Justinian divide contracts into categories such as Real and Consensual which are further sub-categorised. The innominate contracts are in effect defined by their inability to fit into such established categories and their identification is therefore negative in character. Therefore, to begin to understand the place of the innominate contracts in Roman Law, it is necessary briefly to consider the nature and extent of their named cousins. The Real Contracts according to Justinian consisted of: Mutuum essentially a loan but with the expectation that the item in question would be consumed and therefore repayment would be by means of an equivalent item or its value; Commodatum a loan for use only; Depositum a loan for safekeeping but not for use; and Pignus the provision of security by the transfer of possession of an item. The Consensual Contracts are more familiar in character to the modern lawyer and consist of: Emptio Venditio the traditional contract of sale requiring certain specific elements the thing, the price and consent; Locatio Conduction this is frequently translated as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  but covered contracts as diverse as a lease of land and a contract of employment; Societas this is the familiar contract of partnership whereby individuals agree to co-operate together for a common purpose but could have a wider application such as an agreement to contribute to the costs of a journey; and Mandatum this was an unusual species of contract in which one party agreed gratuitously to perform services for another; the absence of the traditional elements of bargain and consideration underlines the ability of Roman Law to characterise as a contract an arrangement which would not fall within any definition provided by a unified code of contract. That said, the early law recognised the existence of the contracts verbis and literis whose essential character is evident from their names. It is the above system of classification which leaves room for other types of contract which do not conform with the requirements of any of the above classes. It might be said that Roman Law, like Nature, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“abhors a vacuumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and this gave rise to the evolution of the innominate contracts. The four principal innominate contracts are those which have attracted the attention of commentators because of their practical importance. They are: Transactio; Aestimatum; Permutatio; and Precarium. It should be noted that the development of these types of contract was not uniform and occurred at various stages throughout the life of Roman jurisprudence. It is generally recognised that the emergence of these forms was to remedy perceived gaps in the codified law. For example, Nicholas[1] suggests: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The four real and four consensual contracts, together with the contracts verbis and literis, exhaust the Institutional list of contracts, but the list leaves gaps and uncertainties. It leaves gaps because it excludes several common types of agreement, such as exchange or any agreement which calls for the payment of a reasonable price (e.g. an agreement for the making of repairs the extent of which cannot be exactly foreseen). It leaves uncertainties because, while it may be clear that a given agreement is a contract, there is doubt as to the particular heading under which it should be placed.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This sentiment is echoed by Borkowski and du Plessis[2] : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Their [innominate contractsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢] development owes much to the fact that the number of contracts in Roman law was quite limited throughout much of Romeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legal history. The need was eventually felt to give certain agreements contractual force, even though they did not constitute any of the recognised contracts, as in the case of barter (permutatio) for example.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  As elsewhere in Roman Law, the development of these forms of contract was linked to the need to identify an appropriate action to enforce a right. Thus in the case of a barter, the plaintiff would previously have been required to bring a condictio to recover property which had passed into the possession of the other party or even commence an action for fraud. The deficiency of these remedies was that, if successful, they restored the parties to the position in which they would have been had the bargain not been struck and took no account of the potential adv antage to be derived from performance of the agreement. The common characteristic of innominate contracts is that they can each be said to be a species of agreement for some type of mutual service and in each instance there had been some fulfilment of the bargain by one or other party. In this respect there might be found echoes in the modern doctrine of part performance. Each of the four principal types of innominate contract will now be considered in turn. Transactio This was the compromise or informal settlement of a legal action. This should be contrasted with the formal settlement of such actions by means of stipulatio after which any express penalty contained therein could be enforced or an aggrieved party could sue on the basis of the stipulation. Difficulties arose, however, where there had been an informal compromise upon the performance of which one party had reneged. Accordingly, there developed the actio prescriptis verbis (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the action of the introdu ctory wordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) which was a general form of action. It was through the use of this procedure that it came to be established that such agreements should be regarded as contractually enforceable provided that there had been some performance by one side. Thus it should be noted that Justinian did not create a new form of action; he simply gave recognition to principles which had already begun to evolve. The importance of the acknowledgement of this type of contract is that it introduced certainty into situations where there might previously have been none. A transactio could be entered into before judgment or even after judgment if there was some scope for uncertainty as to further developments, e.g. if the judgment was regarded as suspect for some reason or where the parties wished to limit their exposure to a further appeal. Interestingly, while Borkowski and du Plessis (Op. Cit., p.307) cite transactio as the first of the most important innominate contracts, Nicholas (Op . Cit., passim) appears to ignore its existence altogether. This underlines the fact that the innominate contracts should not be regarded as a supplement to the existing system of classification but should be seen instead as a practical means of remedying lacunae in the law on an ad hoc basis. Aestimatum This parallels the modern commercial practice of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sale or returnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . A party entrusted possession of an item to another on the basis that if it were sold, the latter would account to the former for its value. This principle was developed to the extent that the remedy would not simply be available in the event of a sale and lack of remuneration but also in situations in which a time limit for sale or return was specified. Aestimatum is a good example of the necessary refinement of pre-existing principles. As has been seen in the discussion above, this type of joint venture might arguably be covered by the defined contract of societas but the involveme nt of issues of possession as distinct from ownership or the transfer of title renders the latter mechanism with its emphasis upon the concept of partnership clumsy. Similarly, while recourse to mutuum may seem superficially to meet the situation, the element of the ability of the bailee to return the item with impunity places it outside this formal category. Permutatio This was significant in that it elevated agreements of exchange or barter to the status of contracts. It had previously been the prevailing view that no such contract was capable of amounting to a sale. However, it should not be supposed that every such agreement became a contract. As in the case of the other innominate contracts, there was a strong emphasis upon some element of part performance with a requirement that some money must change hands as an integral part of the agreement. The advantage of recognising this type of arrangement as a contract lay in the fact that it became a duty to pass ownership. A s a result, a transferee could sue in respect of any defect in title before the rightful owner began to enforce his rights. It may be observed that this represented a late recognition of this type of contract and the culmination of a classic dispute between the Sabinians (see Nicholas, Op. Cit., p.174) and the Proculians with the former asserting barter as contract and the latter suggesting that unless the price were in money it would be impossible to distinguish buyer from seller and determine the duties and obligations of the respective parties. Thus the insistence of the money element in permutatio may be regarded as a form of compromise between these classically conflicting views. Precarium This has its nearest parallel in the modern law in the formula of the tenancy at will. Precarium consisted of the gratuitous grant of the enjoyment of land or chattels. However, the comparison is not exact because there will generally be some form of consideration however nominal for a tenancy at will. This is a useful example of the means by which innominate contracts came into being. It was Justinian who allowed the use of the actio prescriptis verbis (discussed above) in respect of this type of agreement thus paving the way for its inclusion in the category of contracts, albeit innominate. It should be carefully noted that the four examples given above are regarded as prime specimens of innominate contracts but the list is neither exhaustive or closed. Nicholas[3] observes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The more important types [of innominate contract] in fact have names such as permutatio (exchange) and aestimatum, but this must not be allowed to obscure the significance of innominate contracts, which lies precisely in the generality of the principle which they represent. For this principle goes a long way towards filling the gaps and resolving the uncertainties left by the system of typical contracts.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  In conclusion it is submitted that this repres ents a concise and cogent commentary upon the importance of innominate contracts. The rigid classification of contracts into particular types gave rise to a situation in which a perfectly valid agreement which ought to have been capable of being enforced through the mechanism of the law could fail merely by dint of the fact that an appropriate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“labelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  had not been attached to meet the situation in question. The value of Justinianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recognition of such further categories albeit remaining without name is to remedy this deficiency. It may be argued, however, that if Roman Law were to have developed a unified and generally applicable theory which allowed the identification of any agreement as a contract, such remedial work might not have been necessary. Bibliography Borkowski, A. du Plessis, P., Textbook on Roman Law, (3rd Ed., 2005) Nicholas, B., An Introduction to Roman Law, (1975) Stein, P., Roman Law in European History, ( 1999) Institutes of Justinian, www.members-aol.com/hsauertieg/institutes Footnotes [1] Nicholas, B., An Introduction to Roman Law, (1975), p. 189 [2] Borkowski, A. du Plessis, P., Textbook on Roman Law (3rd Ed., 2005), p.307 [3] Op. Cit., p.191

Multimedia Capstone Free Essay Example, 1500 words

2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Changing Minds Gardner talks of an ‘Integrated viable identity. ’ How can the work of a site such as ours impact and attempt to create change in a way that supports the development and enhancement of any existing ‘integrated viable identity’ in any of our readers? (Hint – this is hard to find yet findable – look at references provided in the back of the book to help you find it if needed). As Gardner is interested in creating a science of mind change, he is concerned with the subject both before and after the adoption of the new view. When he discusses the â€Å"integrated viable identity, † it is in reference to the individual after they have converted from a fundamentalist view to the view of the reformer or innovator who is seeking change. The individual who has been changed must have an integrated viable identity for the conversion or reform to be considered a sustainable solution in the society or grou p. If the new idea is not integrated into the individual, it fails to take hold in the mind and thus will not be fully recognized, understood, or used as intended by the person. We will write a custom essay sample on Multimedia Capstone or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now If it is not viable, as in the idea is not consistent with the life experience of the individual or needs of the group in action, then the new idea will also not be maintained. Finally, the focus on identity means that the person who’s mind has changed from a fundamentalist view must make the new idea his or her own, and identify with it, or the conversion attempt will fail a third time to be sustainable. Creating sustainable, integrated solutions to problems caused by wrong ideas leads Gardner to develop a vision of success that is the â€Å"integrated viable identity† of the individual after mind change. 3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Changing Minds Gardner speaks of ‘Representational Redescription. ’   Explain what this is, and whether we have it in our site. If we do, describe where it is and how it works in the site.   Also, explain how you might effectively use it in the future. â€Å"Representational Redescripti on† as intended by Gardner is a process where the reformer or activist must change the dominant way that an individual or group views a topic, by reversing the traditional associations that relate to a concept, symbol, or process in popular mental conception. An example of this might be Nicholas Taleb’s concept of the â€Å"Black Swan. † In traditional Greek philosophy, swans were viewed as a synonym for whiteness, the Greeks never considered or entertained the notion that swans could be black, it was against their fundamental concept of what a swan was, namely a white bird.

The Theory And Its Impact On The Field - 921 Words

Taking history into consideration, there have been many phases that have resulted in a negative turn in the field. I believe that the major downsides to our history have been primarily involved with the strict empiricism point of view and its similar counterparts. Beginning with Aristotle and his concept of Tabula Rasa, it is difficult to prove that this is true. The justification for this theory is minimal as we are far more complex to have a blank mind. Our mind is not blank and we have clear emotions that are present throughout the day. We justify our experiences and learn from them for the future. Our mind is capable of being creative and finding our potential in other aspects that are difficult to explain and attribute their origin from. If we keep believing this or any form of this theory, we would not be capable of seeking new aspects of the field. Initially, the movement towards a having a psychological science did not have much progression. This lack of movement was primarily seen during the Dark Ages. During this era, there was no longer contributions to move science forward. There was a clear hierarchy in which the church resided above all, which hindered the movement towards achieving innovative scientific ideas. Scholasticism was practiced and everyone followed what was allowed by religion. This did not work for the sciences as there were no new perspectives to advance the field. Considering that it was also difficult for individuals to communicateShow MoreRelatedInternationalization Theory and Its Impact on the Field of International Business7496 Words   |  30 PagesInternalization Theory and its Impact on the Field of International Business Alan M. Rugman and Alain Verbeke Abstract Internalization theory explains the existence and functioning of the multinational enterprise. It contributes to understanding the boundaries of the MNE, its interface with the external environment and its internal organizational design. 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Organizational Behavior Employee Motivation

Question: Discuss about the case study Organizational Behavior for Employee Motivation. Answer: Why is motivation at workplace essential? In the contemporary corporate world, in order to sustain in the volatile and stern market conditions, the organizations are required to prepare a team of enthusiastic, motivated, optimistic and loyal mavens. The key element for organizational stability and enhanced performances is motivated and passionate employees. Motivation drives employees to accomplish the goals, excel at their jobs and fulfil the responsibilities with positive, exultant and constructive outlook. Motivation is an imperative tool that reinforces employees attitude and behaviour towards their duties and responsibilities and triggers the tendency to achieve the desired targets and objectives with zeal and enthusiasm (Rusu, 2014). Dysfunctional workplace environment, lack of synergy, depressing and gloomy conversations and impassive organizational culture are the demotivating and dispiriting factors which result in unaspiring employees performances, taciturn attitude of staff, absenteeism and high turnover (Greenberg, 2011). As an organizational consultant, it is crucial to analyse and understand the motivation issues presented in the American television series-The Office (season 3, episode 4). Examining the work culture, behaviour, leadership style and motivating or demotivating drivers portrayed in the episode and applying the concepts, models and theories of organizational behaviour and motivation; could unveil the real and actual problems and challenges of the organization along with recommendations and suggestions. Analysis of the scenario of the television show-the office as an organizational consultant. Grief counselling is an edifying episode of season 3. Michael Scott is trying to keep his troop entertained and regaled. After a while he is overpowered with grief, sorrow and depression when he learns about the tragic demise of his former boss, Mr. Ed Truck. Though, the staff consoles him but then quickly gets back to work as nobody wants to confer about deaths, accidents and tragedies. Michael disgusts the employees by imagining bloodbath and decapitation that nobody wants to listen to. Moreover, he summons the staff to a primitive grief counselling session that nobody takes seriously. Michael is so devastated with the concept of death and loss that he even tries to revive a deceased and germ-ridden bird. Employees think of this act as eerie and weird; for them being disheartened and depressed because of a birds death is quite atypical. On the contrary, Michael schedules the birds funeral, despite of knowing that the employees have a lot of work to do. Only Pam tries to comfort Mic hael by preparing a coffin box and a speech. Meanwhile, at a meeting in Stamford, Karen is distraught when Josh asks Jim to supervise her work; she is dismayed to see the vending machine being out of Herrs potato chips, her favourite. Jim, being friendly and kind, helps her find the chips by tracing manufacturers, distributors and Vending Machine Company. Karen is quite happy to see the efforts of her project supervisor. The whole scenario depicts a workaholic team that deals with an overly emotional boss. Overloaded with grief and pain; Michael expects the team to empathize with him. Michael longs for solace and support as he is not able to handle the loss of his former boss. Though, few minutes ago he was amusing the whole team by doing stuffs that bosses dont usually do. This explains that he strives to be surrounded with people and tries to inject personal feelings at workplace (Hellriegel, 2011). However, this disrupts the daily workflow of the team making them feel distracted and side-tracked. At times, the team feels as if he is cares only about his emotions, his moods, his imaginations and his convenience. Nevertheless, he tries to add fun element at the workplace and inflates the value of the employees, when needed. In this episode, he fosters a disconsolate ambience by constantly talking about the tragic incident and his loss. Being a regional manager, he is required to create a positive and energetic atmosphere even in stressed and catastrophic situations. Repeatedly using words like death, blood, accident, tragedy, mishap, etc. make the organizational climate glum and downhearted. As a boss, he needs to ease and comfort the employees to keep their focus intact. He cannot afford to bombard his emotions and sentiments as per his convenience; this can ruin the concentration level of the employees resulting in demotivation. Moreover, his effort to organize a grief counselling session and letting employees burst their emotions out goes wrong because the team does not urge for any counselling session. Nobody is in the frame of mind to reminisce their losses, leaving their crucial tasks behind. Michaels struggle to revive the bird might sound touching but actually it isnt. He is swamped by the emotion of not letting go a living being without trying to save it. His uncanny actions like taking the dead bird into the kitchen area and trying to resuscitate and thereafter, scheduling funeral for the bird make the employees upset about the hampered productivity and loss of precious time. Linking OB and Motivation Theories/Concepts With the Scenario The theories and concepts of organizational behaviour and motivation, study the dynamics of an organizational setting. Concepts like leadership, team-building, decision-making, job satisfaction, organizational culture, training and development programs, strategies, etc. are facets of OB and motivation. This is an interdisciplinary field of psychology and sociology (Ivancevich Matteson, 2005). Vrooms expectancy theory of motivation is based on the three beliefs of the employees: Expectancy: Enhanced and greater efforts would result in high performances. With appropriate resources, skills and support; the employees can put in a lot of hard work and efforts leading to boosted performances (Bloisi, 2003). Instrumentality: High performances would fetch valued outcome. Leaders need to track and evaluate the performances to provide the deserving employees with an outcome. Valence: The emotional orientations of the employees with respect to first order outcomes and second order outcomes. It implies strong preference for a particular reward (Bloisi, 2003). Leaders, who observe the employees determination, performance and output and try to promote their skills and capabilities by rewarding them, create a team of motivated and energized employees (Armstrong, 2006). Similarly, in the situation as presented in the show, the regional manager is required to provide appropriate motivation to the employees by understanding what they actually long for. Michael should understand that the entire team is putting in efforts to achieve its targets and get the desired outcome. Instead of forcing them to grieve and mourn for the loss; he should just motivate the team to concentrate on the responsibilities allocated. The employees require the support, direction and encouragement to perform stupendously and accomplish the tasks, but Michael is emotionally so weak that he gushes out his sentiments and feelings without understanding the mind-set of his team. Since, the team does not get the pertinent motivational drivers, it does not reciprocate what Michael is yearning for. The effective manager theory explains that a manager needs to be consistent and emotionally stable. The foundation of a highly motivated team is an effective manager, who boosts the morale of the employees despite of facing troubles and issues at personal end. An effective manager never lacks in internal fortitude (McShane, 2011). He is the one who strikes a perfect balance between fun and sincerity. He inspires the team to fight back and get out of the bad phase. For him, the workplace should be clean and comfortable physically and psychologically. Michael tries to make the workplace pepped-up by cracking jokes and acting funny, but when he gets to know about the sudden death of his former boss, he drowns into the depressing and dismal syndrome. Though, the staff tries to sympathize with him while maintaining an emotional distance; but he needs a team which engrosses along in dreary and bleak discussions and counselling sessions. This hampers the entire teams energy and verve. Michael does not prove to be an effective manager as he does not try to tone down his feelings nor he tries to understand the employees outlook. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational theory explains the various drives and reasons for which the employees work hard. The internal desires and wishes for inherent satisfactions like; to act morally, to refine the skills and capabilities, to learn and explore, to sooth the discontent and restlessness, to develop confidence, to help others, etc. are the facets of intrinsic motivation (Lau, 2014). Factors that are external to an individual like money, incentives, perks, status, class, luxuries, etc. are extrinsic motivators (Lau, 2014). Every employee urges for different motivational drivers. It is the prime responsibility of the manager or the leader to understand that urge and desire of the employees. If an employee delivers the best quality output when the leader praises his efforts, provides him with regular feedback and fosters an optimistic and sprightly organizational climate; then he might not get motivated with mere incentives (Champoux, 2011). Similarly, in the fourth episode of the show, the manager is overwhelmed with his emotions and his school of thought and he does not realize what instigator or motivational driver the team needs. The team requires a leader who remains positive even in adverse circumstances and who has high emotional quotient. Recommendations as an Organizational Consultant Emotional sensitivity is healthy, but after a certain limit it becomes detrimental. It is important to manage the strong and extreme emotions especially at a workplace. As a manager, it is important to think about employees motivation. In the scenario as depicted in the episode of the show The Office, the employees find it hard to deal with the managers over sensitivity. As an organizational consultant it is imperative to provide few recommendations which could lead to high motivation level of employees. In the given situation, in order to keep the employees charged and motivated, it is essential to firstly understand that there is a thin line difference between being sensitive and being weak. The manager needs to conduct self-assessment to know if he is being weak and setting a wrong example in front of the entire team. He should also explore his emotions through journaling; this can help him curtail the extreme emotions and responses. Eventually he would be able to spread cheer and optimism making the employees feel passionate and enthused for their tasks (Driskill Brenton, 2005). The manager needs to know what drives and pushes the team to work harder and perform better. If the employees are not showing any keenness or interest in interacting about deaths, calamities and heartaches; then it is a prerequisite for the manager to not force them to do so. This enhances the relationship and understanding between the team and the manager. This leads to high motivational level. Thirdly, if in adverse situations, the manager needs a shoulder to cry on or needs someone to share the feelings with; he can do so, but in a normal and sensible manner that doesnt look peculiar and anomalous. This can make the employees sense the honesty and genuineness in emotions. Hence, they would be able to share their feelings and concerns as well that would result in healthy interactions and strong rapport. References Nygard, R. Celotta, J. (2006). Grief Counselling- The Office. Season 3. Episode 4. NBC. Greenberg, J. (2011). Behaviour in organizations. NJ: Prentice Hall. Hellriegel, D. (2011). Organizational behaviour. NY: Cengage Learning. McShane, S. L. (2011). Organizational behaviour and its concepts .NY: McGraw-Hill. Ivancevich J. Matteson, M. (2005). Organizational behaviour and management. Boston: McGraw Hill. Rusu, G. (2014). Linking human resources motivation to organizational climate. Journal of- Social and Behavioural Sciences, Vol. 124, pp.51-58. Lau, C. (2014). The effects of non-financial and financial measures on employee motivation to participate in target setting. The British Accounting Review, Vol. 5, Issue no. 6, pp. 45-66. Armstrong, M. (2006). Human Resource Management Practice. Kogan Page, Vol. 8, pp. 251-269. Basson, G. (2003). Organizational Management A Multi-Disciplinary Approach. South Africa: FPM Publishing. Bloisi, W. (2003). Management and Organisational Behaviour. NY: McGraw-Hill. Champoux, J. (2011). Organizational Behavior and motivation: Integrating Individuals, Groups, and Organizations. NY: Routledge. Driskill, G. Brenton, A. (2005). Organizational Culture in Action: A Cultural Analysis Handbook. CA: Sage Publications. Goleman, D. (2002). Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Porter, M. (2011). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy and lead to motivation. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.

The American sheep Essay Example For Students

The American sheep Essay There are two common ways of thinking in any specific situation. The first being to fulfill one’s own personal needs and desires with no specific regard for others around you. The second, basing your decision on how it will be viewed by others. The vast majority of people falls on the side of the second, being greatly worried and influenced by what others are saying and thinking. The â€Å"looking glass self†is a term for the image that people have of themselves based on how they believe others perceive them. Both good and bad can come from living in this manner, for the most part however it has seemed to remain constant throughout history. We will write a custom essay on The American sheep specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now People have a natural desire to belong, and fit in with a certain group. Whichever group an individual may choose it is almost inevitable that the individual will be forced at some point, to sacrifice part of themselves in order to obtain the sense of belonging that they desire. People are compelled to seek companionship, often feeling to weak to stand-alone. As a result, they choose to stand together in whatever group they are best suited to. For some this overwhelming fear of being alone can be disastrous. These are people who will stand together with any group good or bad simply to keep themselves from feeling alone. C.S. Lewis hypothesized that the desire to belong and fit in is a natural human characteristic. He believed that people have an instinctive drive to belong, in the same sort of way that a species instinctively is driven to reproduce. Often in society people forming groups commit unspeakable acts, finding shelter in the sheer numbers of those involved. A series of experiments performed some years back demonstrated a term known as â€Å"blind obedience.† A subject was placed in a control booth that contained a microphone and panel with a series of numbered switches. The subject was then instructed that he or she would ask specific questions to a participant in another room. Should the second subject respond with an incorrect answer, the inquisitor was instructed to flip the first switch in the succession. Administering an electric shock to the second subject, which was increased in severity with each incorrect answer given. In reality an electrical shock was actually not being administered, although the person asking the questions believed that it was. The sound of mild discomfort, such as â€Å"ouch† or a â€Å"damn that smarts† would accompany the flip of the first switch. As the severity of the shock was believed to be increased so was the sound of the suffering. Working up to agonizing screams of pain and pleading such as â€Å"please I don’t want to do this anymore† and â€Å"I’m begging you please stop.† Whenever the subject administering the shock began to show signs of compassion and not wanting to continue, the researchers quickly reassured them that it was perfectly ok. After explaining to the subject that it was all part of the experiment some people would continue exhibiting little or no resistance. Despite all of their senses telling them that what was happening went against their moral principals. Over eighty percent of the subjects, continued past the point where they believed that the next switch could actually endanger the very life of the other participant. When asked individually why they would cause another human being such pain, for the most part they responded by saying â€Å"because they said it was okay.† This can be directly related to the issue of people doing things because a higher social group or their own peer group gave their approval. In the particular example those involved sacrifice any sense of morals or upbringing that they may have had because â€Å"they† said it was okay. .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 , .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .postImageUrl , .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 , .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09:hover , .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09:visited , .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09:active { border:0!important; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09:active , .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09 .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18d221e78c87e0fd5610ad87f6e7ec09:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mickey says Christmas EssayPeople throughout history have been influenced by members of society to try drugs, alcohol, and countless other unwise activities. The reason behind this is clear; the human desire to fit in and obtain a feeling of belonging is too strong for most to resist, when the consequences of resisting could mean having to stand-alone. I am reminded of the story of King Midas and his golden touch, although he possessed all the gold that a king could desire he was miserable without being able to have simple human touch. People need people because as a whole we seem to believe that we will become weak and scared if faced with solitude. Will we? Someone once said that what we believe molds our reality. Using this statement I would say that one must ask one’s self, just what it is that one believes. The natural desire to bond is found every where and in every person with very few exceptions. Sometimes troubles can arise and unspeakable acts are carried out because of certain groups, but the advantages associated seem to outweigh the costs. The groups that people form between themselves often serve as shelters for the lonely, for this reason it seems people will go to extreme measures to belong. Release a lone sheep at the end of a pasture and he will run directly to the flock. Why? Because he feels vulnerable and weak when separated from the flock. Does the sheep care about the rest of the flock? Who can say? What the sheep does know is that being submerged in the flock, the wolf is less likely to focus on him specifically. So goes the life of the American sheep, by conforming to the flock we obtain a feeling of safety and reduce the chances of being the one that the wolves pull down.